Deploying for Operation Uphold Democracy-1995

CPT DiChairo called me into his office. “Adam, 4-87 is going to Haiti. They need Lieutenants.”

“Sir, I volunteer.”

The words might have been slightly different. It has been 12 years. It was an important moment in my life, so it has taken on a bit of it’s own weight. Memories like this that are often chewed over end up showing the teethmarks of selective memory. Still, the exchange left me tagged to move from a Platoon in C Company, 4th Battalion, 27th Infantry (Wolfhounds) to fill a slot for the understrength unit tagged to deploy to Haiti for Operation Uphold Democracy. This was early December, 1994.

The media had been showing images of Haitians arriving in Florida on makeshift rafts. Three months earlier, the Forces Armed D’Haiti (FADH, the Army of Haiti) had fled pending a United States lead invasion. The US was staged at Guantanamo Bay and on aircraft carriers in the Caribbean. The FADH had taken control of the country in a coup that prevented the elected President, Jean-Bertrand Aristead, from taking office. Conditions in the impoverished country had deteriorated to the point that the haitians preferred to risk setting off in makeshift rafts to to try and reach the coast of the USA then stay in Haiti.

Haiti has had a rough history. After the Colonies shucked off English rule to establish ourselves as the United States of America, the small Island colony did the same, throwing off French rule. America still practiced slavery itself, and was unwilling to support a slave uprising so close to it’s own borders. Over the years America has intervened in Haiti with military force several times. I remember reading about the early career of Marine General Chesty Puller who first saw combat in Haiti early in the 20th Century.

J.P. Green, my friend and house-mate, as well as a fellow LT in the Wolfhounds, was also tagged, but for the task of Brigade S5, Public Affairs officer. We were both tab-less bastards, having failed to complete the Ranger course the previous winter. I suspect that the selection process took that into account. I still am not sure what he did to get that posting, if it was a good thing or a bad thing. As we had a compressed time-frame, we decided to take a compressed Christmas vacation. Along with Mike Pickett, the Battalion Assistant S-2 (Intelligence officer), JP and I headed over to Maui from Oahu for 5 day weekend. We partied in Lahaina, drove over to the Sacred Pools, flirted with mormon girls. One night, I fell asleep in the back of a night club after a long night. JP and Mike found me there.

With that out of my system, I settled in for the train up. Until this point, the majority of my military training had been for war. As a light infantry platoon leader, I was trained to lead a group of 35 soldiers to “Close with and destroy the enemy by means of fire an maneuver in order to destroy or capture him, or to repel his assault by fire, close combat and counter attack.” as I memorized as a plebe. Now I was training for “Operations other than War” or OOW. We trained in convoy movements, crowd control, cordon and search, and defending food distribution. At the firing range we trained in “Quick Kill” exercises. We learned the graduated responses to riot, from issuing vocal commands, through pepper spray, helicopter down wash, and deadly force. We did a live fire exercise in a range on Schofield where certain targets wore civilian clothes. I donated a shirt of mine to the training, and recieved it back with a bullet hole.

We did a video conference with the folks from the 10th Mountain Division. The conference washeld at the USARPAC Headquarters on Oahu, Fort Shafter. On the way down, the Bde Commander asked what I was going to ask. I replied that I was going to listen and keep my mouth shut. He explained that this was the wrong attitude. I realized I didn’t know what we were doing this for, so I asked for more info. Not the first time I was unprepared for what the Army threw at me.

I started hanging around with Erik Anderson, on of the two other line platoon leaders in D Co, 4-87. We raced around Diamond Heights in our suits looking to find the secluded site that our Company First Sergent was getting married at. We showed up late, but still managed to with Top best of luck. I have a photo of us at the beach, on Christmas day.

Lots of the details have been lost. I know we did deployment prep at the stadium across from D quad on Schofield, took busses down to Hickam AFB and flew Tower Air to Port-Au-Prince (PAP in Milspeak), and then took smaller planes, probably C130s up to Cap Haitian Haiti. Due to the war powers resolution, we knew that the president only had 89 days before having to redeploy us. We shook hands with the outgoing 10th Mountain Division and settled in for the Haitian Vacation.

Renaming Army Units

One thing I have never quite liked is the fact that in the modern US Army, there are Divisions, and there are Brigades, but there are no regiments.  And a Brigade is commanded by a Colonel.

Origianally, a Regiment was commanded by a Colonel, a Brigade by a 1 start, or Brigadier General, and a Division by a two star General.  At some point, the sizing was wrong and they collapse the Regiment and Brigade into a single unit.  But they kept the term Brigade, not Regiment.

I suppose they are able to keep more regiment guidon’s in active usage this way, but it seems to me that they should just rename the modern Army Brigades to Regiments, and then assignon historical Regiment per.  The Colonel would be the regimental commander, just like in history.

Whe I was with the 25th ID, our brigades had battalions from multiple Regiments.  Thrid Brigade, 25tjh ID was st1 and 4 th Battalion, 27th Infantry, and then we had 1-487 th Infantry in between.  We would have been a hell of a lot more cohesive as the Wolfhound Regiment 1,2,3.

I suppose the places where they have separate infantry Brigades commanded by a Brigadier General (I’ve seen this in the National Guard) would be a little awkward, but really, is it any worse than we have now?  We could even keep those units as SIBs.  Now A brigade goes back to being commanded by a General, and a Regiment by a Colonel.  It is even more straightforward.

Duty, Honor, Country

Is there any part of the Military that has a better slogan? While I know West Point jealously guards this motto, it really should be the motto for the entire Army. I mean, it isn’t just the officers who need to live to this standard. An Army of One. Be All That You Can Be. Too much focus on the individual, not on why you are doing what you do. The Army recruiting posters should use this. The Marines have it right. The Few, the Proud, the Marines. We are an exclusive club, we are good, and, if you show us you have what it takes, we’ll accept you. But who in this modern world can talk of Honor with a straight face? With our country so divided over Iraq, who talks of Patriotism not as a sling in a political battle, but with the quiet reverence due to a set of ideals that we strive to attain. What is Duty, and how does it differ from Country. Why does it come first?

I recently read a book call Absolutely American, by David Lipski. David is a reporter for Rolling Stone. I remember reading his article when it first came out. Seems he took a house in Highland Falls and stayed with the Call of 2002 for the three years (Yearling, Cow, Firstie) Until they graduated. For the past several nights I have had trouble falling asleep as the memories it awoke kept running through my head. I graduated from The United States Military Academy at West Point, class of 1993.
Digression: If you ever see someone wearing a shirt that says USMA, you are looking at someone affiliated with my Alma Mater. The funny thing is most people will read it as USMC. The Marine Corps is gets a lot of great Advertising from the Army. when I was at the recruiting station in Boston when my brother was enlisting, a kid told me he was joining the Marines because he identified with what he saw in Washington DC, them guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and so on. I told him that was the Old Guard, 3rd Regiment, United States Army. I recently Heard that the Army was returning back to wearing Army Blue as the Everyday uniform as well as the Formal. About time. But people will just keep think that Blue means Marines. Oh well. Back to the Main Thought.
Lipsky makes his shares of mistakes, but they are minor. He gets the jargon right, captures how we talked, as it was only 5 years between my graduation and the start of his research. He didn’t discuss academics at all, which is too bad, as it is the major activity at West Point, but maybe he thought that it was too similar to any other college. Too bad that, as I suspect that is not the case. There is a certain degree of academic freedom elsewhere that you just don’t have at USMA. If a student at Harvard writes an inflammatory satire claiming that your teacher is having affairs with both the men and women in his class, the first Amendment and attitude of the instructors fully protects you. This is not libel, as it isn’t published. At West Point, you get written up, punished, and possibly expelled. When I was a cadet, A couple guys did a spoof on the R.E.M. song Losing My Religion called Losing My Femininity and dedicated it to the Women’s Power Lifting Team. A segment I remember:

That’s me in the corner

That’s Me on the Squat-Rack

Losing my Femininity.

The officer in charge of the team, LTC Christopher, wrote them all up. When my class protested to our English Teacher ( a Military Police Officer, CPT P—Damn my memory is shaky.) He invited LTC Christopher to the class. He came in mad and basically bullied us into silence. I understand his desire to protect the people working for him, but there was no chance to have a dialog. At USMA, probably even more than in the Regular Army, when a superior says some thing is so, the is no argument about it.

I once got written up for running the screen save program at a 2 second interval. I had been poking around in our Unix systems and ran a program (probably named something the like xsc). It responded with a usage message (must be run with -s=X where X is a number between 1 and 10000 or something) and I re-ran it like this xsc -s=2. It ran and returned and I though nothing of it until I got called into my Tac’s office. I had been written up by my Networking instructor. My tac didn’t even understand the quill. I went down and explained myself to my P and that was the end of it. He accepted my word (West Point Honor code) that I was not trying to play a joke or anything, and I stopped poking around.

There are two problems here. The first is that a program like a screensaver should not be runnable against the X windows session unless you own the session. If it is supposed to be run regardless of who is logged in, it should require root privileges. Poor security design. But the second is that a school should not shut down the inquisitiveness of it’s students. I’m sure stuff like this happens at many colleges, but it is the force of discipline at West Point that makes it so fearsome.

The memories keep coming, almost overwhelming now. West Point was an intense four year, more so than any that came before, and only rivaled by some of my later experiences in the Army. I was in no way an model Cadet, but I was not a complete dirt bag. I came to believe in what we were there to do, and did my job. I was and still am a fierce individualist, and that worked against me at USMA. I think it is normal for someone as a professional programmer. I was not drawn inside the camaraderie of our Company as closely as some. Where others played Football or joined the drill team, I joined the Band. Music had been a huge part of my life and I wanted to hold on to it. But it was considered a second tier activity, a way to “Get Over” and avoid drill and ceremony and do something dorky. I did a lot of things like that: medieval studies, Jewish Chapel Choir, and so on. Yes, I identified with Cadet George Rash to a degree. But I had four years on the high school wrestling team, and many years working for Jim Young (Thanks Dad!) to get me physically and mentally tough.

I think West Point and the officer Corp in general would be better served by sending Cadets out to regular Army units as junior enlisted before they they make the commitment Junior Year. I was a drill cadet, and got fired up by the opportunity, but I think I would have been really well served by a six month or one year stint as a line infantry soldier. I realize Camp Buckner is tradition and all, but it would be a hell of a lot better if we went to AIT (follows after Basic Training) at Benning and Knox, then shipped to various posts around the country and be a “Joe” for the remainder of the year. North Eastern University has a Co-Op program, and it doesn’t seem to hurt their admissions process. Why can’t West Point graduate people in five years? One added benefit is that people would drop at the end of the year that really didn’t want to serve in the Army. At the end of four years, you get promoted to E-4. If you want to stay in the Army, you can keep that rank. Knock a year off of what you get for college. When you graduate West Point, you have already earned one year toward retirement. There is no reason ROTC shouldn’t/couldn’t do this as well. If you did it at the end of Plebe year, the Cadets would have a year at WP vested as motivation to come back. And, of course, the officers in their unit jacking them up all the harder if they decided to quit. But everyone would know what IT was about. Maybe they could make an exception for the prior service cadets, or let them retain their old rank out there in the Army.

Duty is strange word and concept. We do our duty as an attempt to pay back the debt we owe. Like original sin, we have a debt just by being born American. This is an interesting concept. What debt do we have? To the men of the Armed Forces that defended our freedoms in the past? To the Aboriginal Americans who died from smallpox and wars with the Europeans? To the African tribesman that were kidnapped and shipped to the agricultural hell of the cotton plantation? This is what you get as an American: the opportunity for a public education, good roads to drive on, a police and fire department that work to keep you safe, a legal system that allows you to challenge it, an economic system that allows you to move up in the world, and a medical system that keeps you healthy. Yes, these are unequally distributed. The higher your social standing, the better the community you can live in, and the better health care you can afford. Many Americans have much fewer opportunities. Perhaps we have a debt to them as well. Not to pull them upwards, but to make sure that the opportunities, the pursuit of happiness, are available to them as well.

With slavery, we destroyed the social structures of the Africans when they were brought to America. While many other ethnic groups have come here, and have been treated badly (I heard something on NPR this morning about Chinese Workers in America) they have, for them most part, come willingly. At a minimum, we owe a debt to the African American community to help repair the social devastation we created.

I think we also have a duty to the people of Iraq to find the best possible solution to the crisis there. I won’t get into whether the invasion was right or wrong. The past is prologue. We now stand at the start of the next page of Iraqi history. How can we minimize damage and maximize opportunity for the average Iraqi? Does an American presence in Iraq deter more violence than it incites? I wish I knew the answer to this question. Is the debt we are incurring in trying to support Iraq detracting from our ability to do our Duty elsewhere?

The Silk Road

“In Xanadu did  Kublai Khan a stately Pleasure Dome decree”  Thus did Coleridge start his epic poem about the land controlled by the Mongol Great Khan, as visited by Marco Polo.

I’d often heard while growing up that the renaissance in Europe was spurred by trade from the far east, which was, Ironically kicked off by the Crusades.

Turkey, Kurdistan, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikstan, China.  These are the countries of the Silk Road. I find it amazing that we are so focused on many of these countries at this point in time, when so many of them were bypassed by history for such long stretches.

We claim that there are seven continents.  There are six.  Europe and Asia are one land mass, with nothing marking the change from one to the other but a set of mountains that are not even the largest on the continent.  Don’t feel bad, Urals.  No mountain range on the planet can compete with the Himalayas. The Urals certainly were not enough of a barrier to keep the Mongols out of Europe, nor the Russians out of Siberia.   Maybe they really shouldn’tbe the dviding line between continents.

So we have Eurasia.  Let’s face it, Eurasia is the world scene.  They only really notice America when we come over there.  Yes, humanity came from Africa.  But things really got interesting when people spewed all over Asia.

the Silk road connects the cradle of wester civilization, Uruk, with the cradle of Easter Civilization, the Central Kingdon. In both cases, founded on not one but two rivers.  The tribes that migrated from Africa to China did so by this ancient silk road, or at least vaguly followed it.  I dout any tread too far north, as the equatorial nurturing of the homo-sapiens was not very likely drawn to the cold siberian heights before encountering the far more hospitable Yangtze basin.  Farm more likely that they actually came trhrough India and southeast Asia, but that still means they traversed the  majority of the silk road before meandering off down the Khyber pass.

I’ve been reading a lot about this region lately.  Right now, I am reading a book on Afghanistan, alough stricly speaking it is mostly a book on Afghanistan’s encounters with outside powers. Aghansitan is U shaped in its lowlands, looping around the southern end of the Ural Mountains.  To use a military term, the major avenues of approach are:  From the East, via the passes in the mountains from Pakistan, from the west in a corridor between the Caspian Sea and the mountains of the Iran center, and from the north basically the whole frontier is exposed to the Transoxian countries clear up to the Siberian steppes. Adfghasnistan has been invaded via all of these approaches.  Alexander the Great and later the Persians and Caliphates came from the West.  The British came up from India, twice, not a passage I would recommend.  The Mongols, the Soviets, and the America backed Wester Alliance came from the north.

The mountains in the center of the country are the Hindu Kush.  To get from Kabul, the capitol, to Mazar e Sharif , the largest city in the north, one traditionally had to cut through various passes.  The Soviets funded a highway through the mountains, along with a two mile tunnel.  That should give a sense at how hard communication must be in this place.

I have to wonder what it would have been like to be on a merchant caravan shortly after Marco Polo published his travels and the flood from the West began.  Set sail out of Venice, land somwhere in Turkey, travel across to Mesopotamia, down the Tigris and the cut over into Iran.  Skirt the Caspain sea, and by now you are in a land that vaguely remembers Greeece, and knows nothing of the west except reports of distant wars .  You keep going to a place where Islam only has a tenuous hold, and there only in the lowlands.  Do you stay north, risk the mountains and the dester to make it to distant Cathay, or go south do Hindustan where the people are even more exotic, the languages are more diverse.  Oh, and to get there, you have to travese steep moutain ravines overwatched by tribes that demand bribes at every juncture, and even then might not leave you alive.

Growing up in America, you realize how shallow our histories are.  We have no written record of the aboriginal tribes here, just scattered remains viewed through the dubious eyes of the christian missionaries.  Yes, there were greater civilizations to the south, but that is a long way from my native Massachusetts.  I am often jealous of the history clinging to the peaks and valleys of these places, places that were old when Techonctilan and Machu Pichu were young.  Idon’t envy the citizens of those realms the hardships they face either today, nor through the centuries.  I know that many of my own ancestors spent the bulk of their lives not so very far away in the  regions of Ukraine, Russia, and Polond.  I know that my Jewish heritage comes from the Jordan rivere civilizations.  I know that there must be the blood of at least a few wild horsemen from the Asiatic steppes intermingled with my semitic and Rus bloodlines.  I think it would be fascinating to be able to view the entirety of my family tree.